· 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. He flees, but is captured near Chalcedon and later executed in Cappadocia.

· 793 – Vikings raid the abbey at Lindisfarne in Northumbria, commonly accepted as the beginning of Norse activity in the British Isles.

· 1042 – Edward the Confessor becomes King of England - the country's penultimate Anglo-Saxon king.

· 1191 – Richard I arrives in Acre, beginning his crusade.

· 1663 – Portuguese victory at the Battle of Ameixial ensures Portugal's independence from Spain.^[1]

· 1776 – American Revolutionary War: American attackers are driven back at the Battle of Trois-Rivières.

· 1783 – Laki, a volcano in Iceland, begins an eight-month eruption which kills over 9,000 people and starts a seven-year famine.

· 1789 – James Madison introduces twelve proposed amendments to the United States Constitution in Congress.

· 1794 – Robespierre inaugurates the French Revolution's new state religion, the Cult of the Supreme Being, with large organized festivals all across France.

· 1856 – A group of 194 Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the mutineers of HMS Bounty, arrives at Norfolk Island, commencing the Third Settlement of the Island.

· 1861 – American Civil War: Tennessee secedes from the Union.

· 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Cross Keys: Confederate forces under General Stonewall Jackson save the Army of Northern Virginia from a Union assault on the James Peninsula led by General George B. McClellan.

· 1867 – Coronation of Franz Joseph as King of Hungary following the Austro-Hungarian compromise (Ausgleich).

· 1887 – Herman Hollerith applies for US patent #395,781 for the 'Art of Compiling Statistics', which was his punched card calculator.

· 1906 – Theodore Roosevelt signs the Antiquities Act into law, authorizing the President to restrict the use of certain parcels of public land with historical or conservation value.

· 1912 – Carl Laemmle incorporates Universal Pictures.

· 1918 – A solar eclipse is observed at Baker City, Oregon by scientists and an artist hired by the United States Navy.

· 1928 – Second Northern Expedition: The National Revolutionary Army captures Peking, whose name is changed to Beijing ("Northern Capital").

· 1929 – Margaret Bondfield is appointed Minister of Labour. She is the first woman appointed to the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.^[2]

· 1940 – World War II: The completion of Operation Alphabet, the evacuation of Allied forces from Narvik at the end of the Norwegian Campaign.

· 1941 – World War II: The Allies commence the Syria–Lebanon Campaign against the possessions of Vichy France in the Levant.

· 1942 – World War II: The Japanese imperial submarines I-21 and I-24 shell the Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle.

· 1949 – Helen Keller, Dorothy Parker, Danny Kaye, Fredric March, John Garfield, Paul Muni and Edward G. Robinson are named in an FBI report as Communist Party members.

· 1949 – George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four is published.

· 1953 – An F5 tornado hits Beecher, Michigan, killing 116, injuring 844, and destroying 340 homes.

· 1953 – The United States Supreme Court rules in District of Columbia v. John R. Thompson Co. that restaurants in Washington, D.C., cannot refuse to serve black patrons.

· 1959 – USS Barbero and the United States Postal Service attempt the delivery of mail via Missile Mail.

· 1966 – An F-104 Starfighter collides with XB-70 Valkyrie prototype no. 2, destroying both aircraft during a photo shoot near Edwards Air Force Base. Joseph A. Walker, a NASA test pilot, and Carl Cross, a United States Air Force test pilot, are both killed.

· 1966 – Topeka, Kansas, is devastated by a tornado that registers as an "F5" on the Fujita scale: The first to exceed US$100 million in damages. Sixteen people are killed, hundreds more injured, and thousands of homes damaged or destroyed.

· 1966 – The National Football League and American Football League announced a merger effective in 1970.

· 1967 – Six-Day War: The USS Liberty incident occurs, killing 34 and wounding 171.

· 1972 – Vietnam War: Nine-year-old Phan Thị Kim Phúc is burned by napalm, an event captured by Associated Press photographer Nick Ut moments later while the young girl is seen running down a road, in what would become an iconic, Pulitzer Prize-winning photo.

· 1982 – Bluff Cove Air Attacks during the Falklands War: Fifty-six British servicemen are killed by an Argentine air attack on two landing ships, RFA Sir Galahad and RFA Sir Tristram.

· 1984 – Homosexuality is declared legal in the Australian state of New South Wales.

· 1987 – New Zealand's Labour government establishes a national nuclear-free zone under the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987.

· 1992 – The first World Oceans Day is celebrated, coinciding with the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

· 1995 – Downed U.S. Air Force pilot Captain Scott O'Grady is rescued by U.S. Marines in Bosnia.

· 2001 – Mamoru Takuma kills eight and injures 15 in a mass stabbing at an elementary school in the Osaka Prefecture of Japan.

· 2004 – The first Venus Transit in well over a century takes place, the previous one being in 1882.

· 2007 – Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, is hit by the State's worst storms and flooding in 30 years resulting in the death of nine people and the grounding of a trade ship, the MV Pasha Bulker.

· 2008 – At least 37 miners go missing after an explosion in a Ukrainian coal mine causes it to collapse.

· 2008 – At least seven people are killed and ten injured in a stabbing spree in Tokyo, Japan.

· 2009 – Two American journalists are found guilty of illegally entering North Korea and sentenced to 12 years of penal labour.

· 2014 – At least 28 people are killed in an attack at Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, Pakistan.

Births[edit]

· 862 – Emperor Xizong of Tang (d. 888)^[3][4]

· 1508 – Primož Trubar, Slovenian Protestant reformer (d. 1586)

· 1552 – Gabriello Chiabrera, Italian poet and author (d. 1638)

· 1593 – George I Rákóczi, prince of Transylvania (d. 1648)

· 1625 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian-French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1712)

· 1671 – Tomaso Albinoni, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1751)

· 1717 – John Collins, American lawyer and politician, 3rd Governor of Rhode Island (d. 1795)

· 1724 – John Smeaton, English engineer, designed the Coldstream Bridge and Perth Bridge (d. 1794)

· 1745 – Caspar Wessel, Norwegian-Danish mathematician and cartographer (d. 1818)

· 1757 – Ercole Consalvi, Italian cardinal (d. 1824)

· 1788 – Charles A. Wickliffe, American politician, 14th Governor of Kentucky (d. 1869)

· 1810 – Robert Schumann, German composer and critic (d. 1856)^[5]

· 1829 – John Everett Millais, English painter and illustrator (d. 1896)^[6]

· 1831 – Thomas J. Higgins, Canadian-American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1917)

· 1842 – John Q. A. Brackett, American lawyer and politician, 36th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1918)

· 1851 – Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval, French physician and physicist (d. 1940)

· 1852 – Guido Banti, Italian physician and pathologist (d. 1925)

· 1854 – Douglas Cameron, Canadian politician, 8th Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (d. 1921)

· 1855 – George Charles Haité, English painter and illustrator (d. 1924)

· 1858 – Charlotte Scott, English mathematician (d. 1931)^[7]

· 1859 – Smith Wigglesworth, English evangelist (d. 1947)

· 1860 – Alicia Boole Stott, Irish-English mathematician and theorist (d. 1940)^[8]

· 1867 – Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect, designed the Price Tower and Fallingwater (d. 1959)

· 1868 – Robert Robinson Taylor, American architect (d. 1942)

· 1872 – Jan Frans De Boever, Belgian painter and illustrator (d. 1949)

· 1875 – Ernst Enno, Estonian poet and author (d. 1934)

· 1876 – Alexandre Tuffère, Greek-French triple jumper (d. 1958)

· 1885 – Karl Genzken, German physician (d. 1957)

· 1891 – William Funnell, Australian public servant (d. 1962)

· 1893 – Ernst Marcus, German zoologist (d. 1968)

· 1893 – Gaby Morlay, French actress (d. 1964)

· 1894 – Erwin Schulhoff, Czech composer and pianist (d. 1942)

· 1895 – Santiago Bernabéu Yeste, Spanish footballer and manager (d. 1978)

· 1897 – John G. Bennett, English mathematician and technologist (d. 1974)

· 1899 – Eugène Lapierre, Canadian organist, composer and arts administrator (d. 1970)

· 1899 – Ernst-Robert Grawitz, German physician (d. 1945)^[9]

· 1900 – Lena Baker, African-American maid executed for capital murder, later pardoned posthumously (d. 1945) ^[10]

· 1903 – Ralph Yarborough, American colonel and politician (d. 1996)

· 1903 – Marguerite Yourcenar, Belgian-French author and poet (d. 1987)^[11]

· 1910 – C. C. Beck, American illustrator (d. 1989)

· 1910 – John W. Campbell, American journalist and author (d. 1971)

· 1910 – Fernand Fonssagrives, French-American photographer, sculptor, and painter (d. 2003)

· 1911 – Edmundo Rivero, Argentinian singer-songwriter (d. 1986)

· 1912 – Wilhelmina Barns-Graham, British abstract painter (d. 2004)

· 1912 – Maurice Bellemare, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1989)

· 1912 – Harry Holtzman, American painter (d. 1987)

· 1915 – Kayyar Kinhanna Rai, Indian journalist, author, and poet (d. 2015)

· 1916 – Francis Crick, English biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)

· 1916 – Luigi Comencini, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2007)

· 1916 – Richard Pousette-Dart, American painter and educator (d. 1992)

· 1917 – Byron White, American football player and judge (d. 2002)

· 1918 – George Edward Hughes, Irish-New Zealand philosopher and logician (d. 1994)

· 1918 – Robert Preston, American captain, actor, and singer (d. 1987)

· 1918 – John D. Roberts, American chemist and academic (d. 2016)

· 1918 – John H. Ross, American captain and pilot (d. 2013)

· 1919 – John R. Deane, Jr., American general (d. 2013)

· 1920 – Gwen Harwood, Australian poet and playwright (d. 1995)

· 1921 – Gordon McLendon, American broadcaster and businessman (d. 1986)

· 1921 – Olga Nardone, American actress (d. 2010)

· 1921 – LeRoy Neiman, American soldier and painter (d. 2012)

· 1921 – Alexis Smith, Canadian-born American actress and singer (d. 1993)

· 1921 – Suharto, Indonesian soldier and politician, 2nd President of Indonesia (d. 2008)

· 1924 – Billie Dawe, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (d. 2013)

· 1924 – Kenneth Waltz, American political scientist and academic (d. 2013)

· 1925 – Barbara Bush, American wife of George H. W. Bush, 41st First Lady of the United States (d. 2018)

· 1927 – Jerry Stiller, American actor, comedian and producer (d. 2020)

· 1929 – Nada Inada, Japanese psychiatrist and author (d. 2013)

· 1930 – Robert Aumann, German-American mathematician and economist, Nobel Prize laureate

· 1930 – Marcel Léger, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1993)

· 1931 – James Goldstone, American director and screenwriter (d. 1999)

· 1931 – Dana Wynter, British actress (d. 2011)

· 1932 – Ray Illingworth, English cricketer and sportscaster

· 1932 – Ian Kirkwood, Lord Kirkwood, Scottish lawyer and judge (d. 2017)

· 1933 – Rommie Loudd, American football player and coach (d. 1998)

· 1933 – Joan Rivers, American comedian, actress, and television host (d. 2014)

· 1933 – Robert Stevens, English lawyer and academic

· 1934 – Millicent Martin, English actress and singer

· 1935 – Molade Okoya-Thomas, Nigerian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2015)

· 1936 – James Darren, American actor

· 1936 – Kenneth G. Wilson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)

· 1937 – Gillian Clarke, Welsh poet and playwright

· 1938 – Angelo Amato, Italian cardinal

· 1939 – Herb Adderley, American football player

· 1940 – Nancy Sinatra, American singer and actress

· 1941 – Robert Bradford, Northern Irish politician and activist (d. 1981)

· 1941 – George Pell, Australian cardinal

· 1942 – Nikos Konstantopoulos, Greek politician, Greek Minister of the Interior

· 1942 – Doug Mountjoy, Welsh snooker player

· 1943 – Colin Baker, English actor

· 1943 – William Calley, American lieutenant

· 1943 – Willie Davenport, American colonel and hurdler (d. 2002)

· 1943 – Peter Eggert, German footballer and manager

· 1943 – Pierre-André Fournier, Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 2015)

· 1944 – Mark Belanger, American baseball player (d. 1998)

· 1944 – Marc Ouellet, Canadian cardinal

· 1944 – Boz Scaggs, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

· 1945 – Steven Fromholz, American singer-songwriter, producer, and poet (d. 2014)

· 1945 – Derek Underwood, English cricketer

· 1946 – Graham Henry, New Zealand rugby player and coach

· 1947 – Annie Haslam, English singer-songwriter and painter

· 1947 – Sara Paretsky, American author

· 1947 – Eric F. Wieschaus, American biologist, geneticist, and academic Nobel Prize laureate

· 1949 – Emanuel Ax, Polish-American pianist and educator

· 1949 – Hildegard Falck, German runner

· 1950 – Kathy Baker, American actress

· 1950 – Sônia Braga, Brazilian actress and producer

· 1951 – Bonnie Tyler, Welsh singer-songwriter

· 1953 – Billy Hayes, English union leader

· 1953 – Sandy Nairne, English historian and curator

· 1953 – Ivo Sanader, Croatian historian and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Croatia

· 1953 – Olav Stedje, Norwegian singer-songwriter

· 1954 – Greg Ginn, American punk rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter (Black Flag)

· 1954 – Kiril of Varna, Bulgarian metropolitan (d. 2013)

· 1954 – Sergei Storchak, Ukrainian-Russian politician

· 1955 – Tim Berners-Lee, English computer scientist, best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web

· 1955 – José Antonio Camacho, Spanish footballer and manager

· 1955 – Griffin Dunne, American actor, director, and producer

· 1956 – Udo Bullmann, German politician

· 1956 – Jonathan Potter, English psychologist, sociolinguist, and academic

· 1957 – Scott Adams, American author and illustrator

· 1957 – Don Robinson, American baseball player and politician

· 1957 – Sonja Vectomov, Czech/Finnish sculptor

· 1958 – Louise Richardson, Irish political scientist and academic

· 1958 – Keenen Ivory Wayans, American actor, director, and screenwriter

· 1959 – Mohsen Kadivar, Iranian philosopher

· 1960 – Mick Hucknall, English singer-songwriter

· 1960 – Terje Gewelt, Norwegian bassist

· 1960 – Thomas Steen, Swedish ice hockey player and coach

· 1961 – Mary Bonauto, American lawyer and gay rights activist^[12]

· 1963 – Karen Kingsbury, American journalist and author

· 1964 – Butch Reynolds, American runner and coach

· 1965 – Kevin Farley, American screenwriter

· 1967 – Russell E. Morris, Professor of Materials Chemistry at the University of St Andrews

· 1971 – Mark Feuerstein, American actor, director, and producer

· 1977 – Kanye West, American rapper, producer, director, and fashion designer

· 1981 – Rachel Held Evans, American Christian author^[13]

· 1982 – Nadia Petrova, Russian tennis player

· 1983 – Kim Clijsters, Belgian tennis player; winner of six Grand Slam tournament titles.^[14]

· 1984 – Javier Mascherano, Argentinian footballer

· 1989 – Timea Bacsinszky, Swiss tennis player^[15]

· 1997 – Jeļena Ostapenko, Latvian tennis player^[16]

Deaths[edit]

· 632 – Muhammad, the central figure of Islam, widely regarded as its founder (b. 570/571)^[17]

· 696 – Chlodulf, bishop of Metz (or 697)

· 951 – Zhao Ying, Chinese chancellor (b. 885)

· 1042 – Harthacnut, English-Danish king (b. 1018)

· 1154 – William of York, English archbishop and saint

· 1290 – Beatrice Portinari, object of Dante Alighieri's adoration (b. 1266)

· 1376 – Edward, the Black Prince, English son of Edward III of England (b. 1330)

· 1383 – Thomas de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros, English politician (b. 1338)

· 1384 – Kan'ami, Japanese actor and playwright (b. 1333)

· 1405 – Richard le Scrope, Archbishop of York (b. c.1350)^[18]

· 1405 – Thomas de Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk (b. 1385)^[18]

· 1476 – George Neville, English archbishop and academic (b. 1432)

· 1492 – Elizabeth Woodville, Queen consort of England (b. 1437)

· 1501 – George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly, Earl of Huntly and Lord Chancellor of Scotland (b. 1440)

· 1505 – Hongzhi Emperor of China (b. 1470)

· 1600 – Edward Fortunatus, German nobleman (b. 1565)

· 1611 – Jean Bertaut, French bishop and poet (b. 1552)

· 1612 – Hans Leo Hassler, German organist and composer (b. 1562)

· 1621 – Anne de Xainctonge, French saint, founded the Society of the Sisters of Saint Ursula of the Blessed Virgin (b. 1567)

· 1628 – Rudolph Goclenius, German lexicographer and philosopher (b. 1547)

· 1651 – Tokugawa Iemitsu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1604)

· 1714 – Sophia of Hanover (b. 1630)

· 1716 – Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, German son of Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1658)

· 1727 – August Hermann Francke, German-Lutheran pietist, philanthropist, and scholar (b. 1663)

· 1768 – Johann Joachim Winckelmann, German archaeologist and scholar (b. 1717)

· 1771 – George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1716)

· 1795 – Louis XVII of France (b. 1785)

· 1809 – Thomas Paine, English-American theorist and author (b. 1737)

· 1831 – Sarah Siddons, Welsh actress (b. 1755)

· 1835 – Gian Domenico Romagnosi, Italian economist and jurist (b. 1761)

· 1845 – Andrew Jackson, American general, judge, and politician, 7th President of the United States (b. 1767)

· 1846 – Rodolphe Töpffer, Swiss teacher, author, painter, cartoonist, and caricaturist (b. 1799)

· 1857 – Douglas William Jerrold, English journalist and playwright (b. 1803)

· 1874 – Cochise, American tribal chief (b. 1805)

· 1876 – George Sand, French author and playwright (b. 1804)

· 1885 – Ignace Bourget, Canadian bishop (b. 1799)

· 1889 – Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (b. 1844)

· 1899 – Mary of the Divine Heart, German nun and saint (b. 1863)

· 1924 – Andrew Irvine, English mountaineer and explorer (b. 1902)

· 1924 – George Mallory, English lieutenant and mountaineer (b. 1886)

· 1929 – Bliss Carman, Canadian-American poet and playwright (b. 1861)

· 1945 – Karl Hanke, Polish-German soldier and politician (b. 1903)

· 1951 – Eugène Fiset, Canadian physician, general, and politician, 18th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (b. 1874)

· 1951 – Oswald Pohl, German SS officer (b. 1892)

· 1956 – Marie Laurencin, French painter and sculptor (b. 1883)

· 1959 – Leslie Johnson, English race car driver (b. 1912)

· 1965 – Edmondo Rossoni, Italian politician (b. 1884)

· 1966 – Anton Melik, Slovenian geographer and academic (b. 1890)

· 1968 – Elizabeth Enright, American author and illustrator (b. 1909)

· 1968 – Ludovico Scarfiotti, Italian race car driver (b. 1933)

· 1969 – Arunachalam Mahadeva, Sri Lankan politician and diplomat (b. 1885)

· 1969 – Robert Taylor, American actor and singer (b. 1911)

· 1970 – Abraham Maslow, American psychologist and academic (b. 1908)

· 1971 – J.I. Rodale, American author and playwright (b. 1898)

· 1976 – Thorleif Schjelderup-Ebbe, Norwegian zoologist and psychologist (b. 1894)

· 1982 – Satchel Paige, American baseball player and coach (b. 1906)

· 1984 – Gordon Jacob, English composer and academic (b. 1895)

· 1987 – Alexander Iolas, Egyptian-American art collector (b. 1907)

· 1997 – George Turner, Australian author and critic (b. 1916)

· 1997 – Karen Wetterhahn, American chemist and academic (b. 1948)

· 1998 – Sani Abacha, Nigerian general and politician, 10th President of Nigeria (b. 1943)

· 1998 – Maria Reiche, German mathematician and archaeologist (b. 1903)

· 2000 – Frédéric Dard, French author and screenwriter (b. 1921)^[19]

· 2000 – Jeff MacNelly, American cartoonist (b. 1948)

· 2001 – Alex de Renzy, American director and producer (b. 1935)

· 2004 – Charles Hyder, American astrophysicist and academic (b. 1930)

· 2004 – Mack Jones, American baseball player (b. 1938)

· 2006 – Jaxon, American illustrator and publisher, co-founded Rip Off Press (b. 1941)

· 2006 – Matta El Meskeen, Egyptian monk, theologian, and author (b. 1919)

· 2008 – Šaban Bajramović, Serbian singer-songwriter (b. 1936)

· 2009 – Omar Bongo, Gabonese captain and politician, President of Gabon (b. 1935)

· 2010 – Crispian St. Peters, English singer-songwriter (b. 1939)

· 2012 – Pete Brennan, American basketball player (b. 1936)

· 2012 – Charles E. M. Pearce, New Zealand-Australian mathematician and academic (b. 1940)

· 2012 – Ghassan Tueni, Lebanese journalist, academic, and politician (b. 1926)

· 2013 – Paul Cellucci, American soldier and politician, 69th Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1948)

· 2013 – Yoram Kaniuk, Israeli painter, journalist, and critic (b. 1930)

· 2013 – Taufiq Kiemas, Indonesian politician, 5th First Spouse of Indonesia (b. 1942)

· 2014 – Alexander Imich, Polish-American chemist, parapsychologist, and academic (b. 1903)

· 2014 – Yoshihito, Prince Katsura of Japan (b. 1948)

· 2015 – Chea Sim, Cambodian commander and politician (b. 1932)

· 2017 – Sam Panopoulos, Greek cook (b. 1934)

· 2019 – Andre Matos, Brazilian heavy metal musician (b. 1971)^[20]

Holidays and observances[edit]

· Christian feast day:

o Blessed Mariam Thresia Chiramel Mankidiyan

o Blessed Mary of the Divine Heart (Droste zu Vischering)

o Chlodulf of Metz

o Jacques Berthieu, S.J.

o Jadwiga (Hedwig) of Poland

o Medard

o Melania the Elder

o Roland Allen (Episcopal Church (USA))

o Thomas Ken (Church of England)

o William of York

o June 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

· Earliest day on which Queen's Birthday can fall, while June 14 is the latest; celebrated on the second Monday in June. (Australia, except Western Australia and Queensland)

· Bounty Day (Norfolk Island)

· Caribbean American HIV/AIDS Awareness Day

· Engineer's Day (Peru)

· Pranav Sivakumar Day (Illinois, United States)

· Primož Trubar Day (Slovenia)

· World Brain Tumor Day